10 Things We Hate About Evolution Korea
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Evolution Korea
South Korea's democratic system is prone to populist tendencies. It's still better than expected.
The country is searching for a new development paradigm. A Confucian culture that emphasizes respect for the ancestors and gendered family relationships continues to influence society. There are signs of a secularist cultural trend forming.
Origins
In prehistoric times the ancestors of the modern Koreans survived by hunting and gathering wild food. About 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet, beans and other crops. They also raised livestock and produced furs. These tribes formed tribal states one after another in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also established an industry of metalworking, making bronze tools, and later iron tools. They traded with other nations and introduced celadon and block printing to Japan and also art styles, a written language, and paper making.
In 2333 BCE Gojoseon was founded in the southern part of the peninsula. This state embraced Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture including Confucian philosophy. During this period the people of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society with a monarch and high-ranking officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy, while the rest of the population were peasants. The state imposed taxes on these citizens and sometimes required them to serve in the army or participate in projects of the government, like building fortifications.
Onjo Prince Onjo, a prince from Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong, the founder of Goguryeo, founded the state of Baekje at the end of the period. The new kingdom grew into the southwest region of the peninsula, and was at war with China's commandos and Goguryeo's in the region. Baekje introduced elements of Confucian beliefs into its official beliefs and made the male-centric concept of filiopiety an official doctrine in 1390 CE. In the name of filiopiety fathers were responsible for their families, and had to be revered and obeyed by all people, even their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, who would rule from 918 until 1392 CE introduced the world to the Hangul alphabet based on the shapes made by the mouth when it was pronounced. This greatly improved communication and led to a rise in the writing of Buddhist text. Woodblock printing and the movable metal type were also refined. In 1145 CE, the Samguk Sagi, or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was recorded for the first time.
The evolution of Korea
The Korean peninsula was habitable from Neolithic times onwards. Early evidence of human settlements can be seen in the form cist graves paved with stone, with precious items such as amazonite jewelry being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, also known as dolmens, constructed from massive single stones, are common throughout the country.
In the first second half of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognized political state. After that the peninsula was ruled by a variety of states during the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCfrom 635 CE) including Baekje Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. Additionally, the northern part of the peninsula was ruled by the Balhae kingdom, which many historians do not consider to be a proper Korean state.
Following the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states emerged during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Of them, Baekje was the most powerful, but its dynasty ended with the fall of Goguryeo in 676 CE and left Baekje with its southern territories of Manchuria and the western region around the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy prospered for a period of time.
The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to cooperate to expand their territories. In the final, Silla, with significant Chinese aid, conquered all other states and unified the peninsula in 935 CE.
As Korea is entering a post-crisis period its development model appears to be changing. The people who are awed by the enormous cost of the old system are in favor of a comprehensive plan for liberalization of labor, capital and markets for products. On the other hand the people who support the old system try to preserve it through nationalist sentiments and by stoking fears of job loss.
Analysts and academics are divided about the extent to which Korea's growth is being driven by these two trends. This article examines developments to date by analyzing five phases of Korea's political development that include the illiberal democratic period (1945-60), democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) and authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87), democratic paternalism (1987-2001) and participatory democracy (2002 to present). This article also identifies key elements that are the driving force behind these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. Creationists have had success in promoting their views to this population. A survey in 2009 revealed that nearly one third of respondents do not believe in the theory of evolution. Of those who voted, 41% said that there was not enough evidence from science to support the theory 39% claimed that the theory contradicted their religion; and 17% said it was difficult to comprehend. This level of doubt is comparable to that of the United States where a similar percentage do not believe humans evolved from lesser advanced forms of life.
In the past, the anti-evolution movement in Korea focused primarily on educating students and bringing Christ to them. In 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the main speakers. This event was attended by a large audience of scientists, professors, and church leaders.
The success of this event resulted in the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31 1981. The meeting was covered extensively in the national press, including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.
KACR started publishing a newsletter called CREATION. In it, the organization reported on its own activities and published articles on scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated several slides and film strips from ICR as well as some books on creationism that were published outside of Korea. KACR members also gave talks at universities and churches throughout the country.
A KACR success was observed at the KAIST University in Seoul. Students at the KAIST university in Seoul were so interested in creationism, they raised money and secured funding to build an enlightened museum on campus.
In addition to its public activities, KACR publishes a bimonthly news magazine, CREATION, which covers topics in the field of creation science. It also sponsored a series of talks by ICR staff. It also has an organization of local branch offices that give talks and seminars to children and other community groups.
Evolution in South Korea
In the latter half of the nineteenth century and the early 20th century, Korea began to adopt an increasingly Westernized lifestyle. The hanbok, the traditional Korean dress, was replaced to miniskirts and other fashion elements from overseas. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by rock and roll and jazz. In the period of this transition the famous samulnori, also known as the masked dance-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed to the beat of shaman drums and other instruments.
The economic crisis has formed Korea's new development paradigm. The biggest challenge facing the new regime is to find the right balance between market-oriented and state-led policies. It also involves changing incentives, monitoring or discipline schemes that have been a part of the system prior the crisis. These issues are addressed in Chapters 3 and 4.
Founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established jointly by people living along the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other areas and people from northern China. In the early 4th century, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory to Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. The kingdom was in constant conflict with Goguryeo, and the Chinese commanders at the border.
The fall of Silla in the late 8th and 9th centuries enabled powerful local factions to emerge. Gungye an eminent noble from Later Baekje, established a kingdom with Songak as its capital and exerted control over part of present-day Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju. He became an adversary to Goguryeo.
His rule was however short-lived. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935 and unified Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla Later, he incorporated Baekje into Goryeo without a fight as his successor. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened the centrally-run system. This marked the closing of the Three Kingdoms period. The Korean peninsula was later ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually grew to become powerful 에볼루션 바카라 체험 states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.